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Space History for October 2

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1608
Hans Lippershey applied for a patent to the Belgian government for his new invention, the telescope.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Lippershey#Invention_of_the_telescope

1853
Died, D Francois J. Arago, French physicist, astronomer (electromagnet, chromosphere)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Arago

1899
E. F. Coddington discovered asteroid #445 Edna.

1905
Died, DeWitt B. Brace, astronomer, inventor (spectrophotometer)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Bristol_Brace

1906
Born, Willy Ley, science writer, space advocate, helped popularize rocketry and spaceflight in Germany and the US in the early-mid twentieth century
https://www.nmspacemuseum.org/inductee/willy-ley/

1910
The first midair collision of two airplanes occurred at an air meet in Milan, Italy when a Farman biplane flown by Bertram Dickson was rammed from above by Rene Thomas flying an Antoinette monoplane. Both pilots survived.
http://earlyaviators.com/ethomren.htm

1910
Vincenzo Cerulli discovered asteroid #704 Interamnia, which has the fifth largest diameter of those in the Solar system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/704_Interamnia

1914
Born, John Whiteside "Jack" Parsons (nee Marvel Whiteside Parsons), rocket propulsion researcher at CalTech, cofounder of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Aerojet Corporation, "the father of the American space program" according to von Braun
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Parsons_%28rocket_engineer%29

1915
F. Sy discovered asteroid #859 Bouzareah.

1915
M. Wolf discovered asteroid #2298 Cindijon.

1921
Born, A. Scott Crossfield (at Berkeley, California, USA), test pilot, USAF Man-In-Space-Soonest program (1958), X-15 program, logged 100 rocket flights, making him the single most experienced rocket pilot (deceased)

X-15 pilot Scott Crossfield, USAF photo (date unknown)
Source: Wikipedia
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/armstrong/news/Biographies/Pilots/bd-dfrc-p021.html

1925
Scottish inventor John Baird transmitted the first greyscale television picture of a moving object in his London lab, a 30-line image of the head of a ventriloquist's dummy nicknamed "Stooky Bill" vertically scanned at five pictures per second.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Logie_Baird#Television_experiments

1938
G. Neujmin discovered asteroid #2237 Melnikov.

1939
Born, Yuri Nikolayevich Glazkov (at Moscow, Russian SFSR), Major General Russian AF, Soviet cosmonaut (Soyuz 24; nearly 17d 17.5h in spaceflight) (deceased)

Soviet cosmonauts Yuri Glazkov (right) and Viktor Gorbatko on a USSR postage stamp (1977)
Source: Wikipedia
http://www.spacefacts.de/bios/cosmonauts/english/glazkov_yuri.htm

1962 21:30:00 GMT
NASA launched Explorer 14 into orbit on a Delta booster from Cape Canaveral, Florida, for magnetosphere studies.

Explorer 14, launched 2 October 1962, was a spin stabilized, solar cell powered spacecraft instrumented to measure cosmic-ray particles, trapped particles, solar wind protons, and magnetospheric and interplanetary magnetic fields. It was the second of the S 3 series of spacecraft, which also included Explorers 12, 15, and 26. A 16 channel PFM/PM time-division multiplexed telemetry system was used. The time required to sample the 16 channels (one frame period) was 0.323 seconds. Half of the channels were used to convey eight-level digital information, and the others were used for analog information. During ground processing of the telemetry data, the analog information was digitized with an accuracy of 1/100th of full scale. One analog channel was subcommutated in a pattern 16 frames long, and was used to send spacecraft temperatures, power system voltages, currents, etc. A digital solar aspect sensor measured the spin period and phase, digitized to 0.041 seconds, and the angle between the spin axis and Sun direction to about 3 degree intervals. The spacecraft functioned well except for the period from 10-24 January 1963, and after 11 August 1963, when an encoder malfunctioned terminatied transmission of usable data. Good data were recorded for approximately 85% of the active lifetime of the spacecraft. The spacecraft was coning (37-deg maximum half-angle) until 10 January 1963. After 24 January 1963, it was spin stabilized at a rate of 10 rpm. This rate slowly decreased to 1 rpm on 8 July 1963. The local time of apogee was initially 0700 hours.

1966 10:34:00 GMT
ESSA 3 (Environmental Survey Satellite 3), a Tiros weather satellite, was launched from Vandenberg, California on a Thor Delta booster, to replace ESSA 1.
https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-087A

1972
N. E. Kurochkin discovered asteroid #2302 Florya.

1978
Lyudmila Zhuravleva discovered asteroids #2850 Mozhaiskij, #2979 Murmansk, #3214 Makarenko, #3442 Yashin, #3547 Serov and eight others.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyudmila_Zhuravleva

1980
A. Mrkos discovered asteroid #3716.

1984 10:57:00 GMT
USSR's Soyuz T-11 landed with the crew of Atkov, Kizim and Solovyov Vladimir aboard returning from the Salyut 7 space station.
https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1984-032A

1986
P. Wild discovered asteroid #3582.

1991 05:59:38 GMT
USSR launched Soyuz TM-13 from Baikonur to the Mir space station with the Mir Expedition EO-10 crew of Toktar Aubakirov, Franz Viehboeck and Aleksandr Volkov aboard.

USSR launched Soyuz TM-13 on 2 October 1991 to transport the Mir Expedition EO-10 international crew to the Mir manned orbital station. The crew included cosmonauts Aleksandr Volkov (USSR), Toktar Aubakirov (Kazakh) and Franz Viehbock (Austria) whose mission was to conduct joint scientific and technical research with cosmonauts Anatoli Artsebarsky and Sergei Krikalev. The flight was unusual for carrying no flight engineer. Veteran Russian cosmonaut Alexandr Volkov commanded. Austria paid $7 million to participate in the mission. Aubakirov was added at the last minute, partly in an effort to encourage newly independent Kazakhstan to continue to permit launchings from Baikonur Cosmodrome. The Austrian and Kazakh cosmonaut-researchers photographed their respective countries from orbit and conducted the usual range of materials processing and medical experiments. Artsebarski traded places with Volkov and returned to Earth in Soyuz-TM 12.

Soyuz TM-13 spent 175 days docked to Mir, and returned to Earth near Dzhezkazgan on 25 March 1992 with cosmonauts Alexander Volkov (Russia), Sergei Krikalev (Ukraine) and Klaus-Dietrich Flade (Germany) aboard. Krikalev had launched from the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic of the USSR, and landed in independent Kazakhstan.

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